Abstract: The horizon of understanding the contemporary Chinese public security comes from the Anglo-American police. The Chinese public security and the Anglo-American police constitute a dual opposition structure. The constitution of Anglo-American police and Chinese public security organs is related to the geopolitical environment and the course of nation building. Contemporary Chinese public security organs originated from the “Zhonyang Teke” (Central Special Section), the State Political Defense Bureau, the Central Social Department and the Public Security Department of the Central Military Commission in the era of revolutionary seizure of power. Continuing with the organization and personnel of the security organs in the revolutionary era constitutes a decisive basis for the establishment of the public security organs in the early years of the founding of the People’s Republic of China. In the early years of the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the establishment of the public security organs provided the institutional origin for the functions and positions of the public security organs.