现象学形而上学的第三种可能——舍勒现象学的实在问题研究
The Third Possibility of the Phenomenological Metaphysics— The Study on the Problem of Reality in Scheler’s Phenomenology
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摘要: 实在问题在现象学形而上学中占据一个重要位置,该问题或是作为现象学开端就需要克服的障碍,或是作为现象学追求的最终目的,但无论如何该问题都在规定着现象学的方向。胡塞尔的先验还原从一开始就要悬隔实在,而后在纯粹意识基础上重新将之构造起来。海德格尔则将提出实在问题看作哲学的耻辱,根本上将之消解为存在者的一种存在方式。只有在舍勒的哲学中,实在问题从一开始就是其哲学中的积极问题。在其进入现象学之后,更是尝试在现象学上用抗阻来阐释实在。在最后舍勒还基于对实在问题的探究,确立了意欲与冲动的基础地位,在现象学上恢复了一系列形而上学的论题,并批判了胡塞尔与海德格尔,开创出现象学形而上学的另一种新形态。舍勒后期的实在思想成为当下讨论现象学形而上学的新资源。
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关键词:
- 实在|意欲|现象学|形而上学
Abstract: The problem of reality is significant in phenomenological metaphysics. Either as an obstacle to be overcome at the beginning of phenomenology or as the ultimate goal to be pursued by phenomenology, this question determines the direction of phenomenology. With the transcendental reduction, Husserl is mainly to suspend reality and then reconstruct it on the basis of the pure consciousness. On the other hand, Heidegger regards that to raise the question of reality is the shame of philosophy, so that he dissolves it as a way of the being. It is in Scheler’s philosophy that the problem of reality becomes a positive problem in his philosophy from the beginning to the end. After entering into phenomenology, he tried to explain reality with resistance in phenomenology. And Scheler also on the basis of the exploration of the problem of reality. In the end, Scheler established the basic status of the will and impulse based on the exploration of reality, restored a series of metaphysical topics in phenomenology, and criticized Husserl und Heidegger, and created another new form of phenomenological metaphysics. Scheler’s thought of reality has become a new resource for the current discussion of phenomenological metaphysics. -

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