《红楼梦》的美学意蕴
作者简介:肖鹰,清华大学人文学院教授(北京 100084),北京大学美学与美育研究中心研究员(北京 100871)
摘要: 《红楼梦》以大观园为核心场景,以贾宝玉为主人公,以宝黛之恋为贯穿全书的红线。本文从大观园、贾宝玉和宝黛之恋三个意象层面探讨《红楼梦》的美学意蕴。《红楼梦》在虚实交融的叙事中,以极切实又极奇幻的笔法,展示了一出以贾宝玉为中心意象的凄美而炽烈的人生戏剧。在熔铸多元文化精神的前提下,对庄子哲学的生命精神的阐发,是《红楼梦》的美学意蕴之真谛。本文认为,阅读《红楼梦》,解析贾宝玉,都须从反面−即庄子哲学的“无用之用”−着眼。这无用之用,就是自我生命的真实和自由,扩大讲,就是世界的生机和无限。
On the Aesthetic Meanings of the Dream of Red Massions
- Available Online:
2020-09-21
Abstract: The novel A Dream of Red Mansions is mainly set in the Grand View Garden, with Jia Baoyu as the main protagonist, and the romance between Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu as its dominant plot thread. This article explores the aesthetic meanings of the novel from three perspectives, namely, the “yixiang” (image, “意象”) of the Grand View Garden, the “yixiang” of the character Jia Baoyu, and the “yixiang” of the Bao-Dai romance. I argue that A Dream of Red Mansions, in a highly realistic but at the same time whimsical style, unfolds a passionate and poignant life story of Jia Baoyu in a mixed narrative of reality and fantasy. While it synthesises multiple spiritual resources, the quintessence of the aesthetic implications of A Dream of Red Mansions lies in an illustration of the philosophy of life from the Zhuang Zi. I argue that in order to grasp the meanings of this novel and analyse the character Jia Baoyu, one has to approach from a negative aspect, viz., the Zhuang Zi notion of “the use of the useless.” The use of the useless is the truth and freedom of personal life, and in a greater sense, it is also the infinity of the world and its immanent vitality.