呼吸:重申一个诗学概念——基于列维纳斯和策兰之思
Breathing: Rethinking a Poetic Concept through Levinas and Celan——Based on the Thought of Levinas and Celan
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摘要: 在当代社会高度视觉化和透明化的背景下,人与人之间往往缺乏亲近与敞开。面对这一处境,有必要重申策兰的“呼吸转折” (Atemwende)与列维纳斯的“吸气/灵启” (inspiration)概念。二人紧密的思想关联,也使得将这两个概念整合为一种“呼吸”诗学成为可能。策兰对于诗作为“呼吸转折”的阐释,已经隐微地将呼吸视作一种面向他者、祛除自我的伦理姿态;列维纳斯则将呼吸阐述为向他者无条件敞开的精神实践,这种呼吸状态与幸存者对死者的回应紧密相关。呼吸还与列维纳斯的“祛核”与“诉说”等概念密切相关,伦理语言的发生亦如呼吸般不断生成、流动,这与策兰的诗学经验可互为映照。呼吸作为一种与他者的根本性关系,不仅构成了策兰诗歌的核心经验,也塑造了列维纳斯伦理思想的生命性。作为一种兼具肉身性和精神性的活动,“呼吸”不断提醒着我们在生活中感受生命,亲近他者。Abstract: In the increasingly visualized and transparent context of contemporary society,human relations are often deprived of intimacy and openness.Against this context,Paul Celan's notion of the Atemwende (“breathturn”) and Emmanuel Levinas's concept of inspiration demand renewed attention.The affinity between their thought enables a poetics of breathing that integrates these two concepts.Celan's account of poetry as a “breathturn” already intimates breathing as an ethical gesture of turning toward the Other and suspending the self;while Levinas understands breathing as a spiritual practice of unconditionally opening oneself to the Other—an experience inseparably bound to the survivor's response to the dead.Breathing also intersects with Levinas's notions of dénucléation and the act of “the saying (le dire)” insofar as ethical language arises,like breath itself,in ceaseless generation and flow,thereby resonating with Celan's poetic experience.As a primordial relation to the Other,breathing not only constitutes the core poetic experience of Celan's poetry but also animates the very vitality of Levinas's ethical thought—a corporeal and spiritual activity that continually recalls to us the embodied sense of life and the nearness of the Other.
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Key words:
- Levinas /
- Celan /
- Atemwende (“breathturn”) /
- inspiration /
- survival
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