Abstract: The social sciences demonstrate significant methodological diversity.From a comparative perspective,qualitative research has traditionally held advantages in three areas:naturalistic inquiry,open-ended exploration,and interpretative understanding.However,challenges have emerged for qualitative methods in three key dimensions:empirical validity,analytical techniques,and methodological paradigms.These challenges stem from advancements in holistic case analysis,evolving analytical technologies,and the rise of big data research.These pressures are driving innovation in qualitative research.In terms of analytical content,critical developments include multi-case saturation studies,integration of multidimensional data,and explanations of broad social mechanisms.For analytical techniques,enhancing discourse/text analysis capabilities and scaling qualitative data processing are key priorities.Methodologically,qualitative research is increasingly integrating with quantitative and big data approaches to expand case information systems,refine explanatory frameworks,and strengthen validation processes.This evolution aims to enhance rigor while preserving qualitative research’s core strengths in contextual depth.