“社会学本土化”的德国经验:“角色之争”及其去美国化效应
The Localization of Sociology in Germany: The “Role-Debate” and Its Effect on De-Americanization
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摘要: 在西方先进国家中,德国社会学的发展相对晚进且历程坎坷。德国社会学在20世纪初萌芽之时,就因纳粹的“夺权”而停滞发展。第二次世界大战结束之后,在学科重建阶段又因美国的挟持而陷入了美国化危机。在此危难之时,达伦多夫1958年出版的著作《社会人》,意外引发德国社会学界关于“社会角色”概念的学术争辩,史称“角色之争”。这场大规模的学术论战,让德国社会学出现了“通过超美国化以去美国化”与“通过国际化以抵消美国化”的学科发展方向,对德国社会学发展历程中的去美国化与国际化产生了不小的推动效应。当今中国在建立具有国际影响力的中国特色社会学学术话语体系之时,德国社会学极富戏剧性的“复兴”之路,值得参考借鉴。Abstract: No long after the embryonic stage during the Weimar Republic, the German sociology is at a standstill due to the rise to power of the Nazi regime and then falls into the crisis of Americanization because of the control by the USA after the World War II. In this time of crisis, Ralf Dahrendorf’s work Homo Sociologicus unexpectedly triggers a wide-ranging debate, which is known as “role-debate” of the German sociology in the 1960s. By means of the role-debate, the German sociology develops two strategies, namely “de-Americanization through transcending America” and “counteracting Americanization through internationalization”, which contributed the German sociology to recover disciplinary subjectivity and to gain the international academic discourse power. These two strategies are also the references for establishing the sociological discourse system with Chinese characteristics.
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