论康德哲学中的过度决定问题
On the Problem of Overdetermination in Kant’s Philosophy
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摘要: 康德认为,人的行动一方面是特定的自然原因的结果,另一方面又是一种独特的理知原因的结果。在此,自然原因与理知原因分别对应着作为显象的人与作为物本身的人(主体本身或我本身)。一些解释者认为,康德的这种观点会让其陷入“过度决定”困境。这种批评是不可接受的,因为在康德这里,理知原因、自然原因和人的行动构成了一个因果链条:理知原因首先引起(因致)作为一种自然原因的意志决定和意志行为;意志决定和意志行为接着引起(因致)人的行动。Abstract: According to Kant, a man’s action is an effect of some natural causes on the one hand, and an effect of an unique kind of intelligible cause on the other hand. Here natural cause and intelligible cause respectively correspond to man as an appearance and man as thing in itself (the subject in itself). Some commentators hold that this twofold cause conception of human action puts Kant into the so-called overdetermination dilemma. This critique of Kant is not acceptable, for intelligible cause and natural cause constitute a perfect causal chain: intelligible cause first of all causes decision and act of will as a kind of natural cause, and then decision and act of will causes action.
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Key words:
- natural cause /
- intelligible cause /
- transcendental freedom /
- practical freedom /
- overdetermination
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