“纸上共同体”:卷轴画与中国文人的情感实践
作者简介:李晓愚,南京大学新闻传播学院教授(江苏南京 210093)。
基金项目:
本文为国家社会科学基金冷门“绝学”项目“海外藏中国古版画的整理与研究”(19VJX171)的阶段性成果
摘要: 卷轴画是一种独特的情感媒介。它融诗书画为一体,是个人抒情言志的好工具;它兼具流动、关联、开放的特征,不仅是情感互动、维系朋友之道的“社交媒介”,也可成为不同时代之人跨时空情感对话的载体。卷轴画与中国传统情感文化之间呈现一种双向关系:一方面,卷轴画促成的各种情感实践,丰富并深化了中国传统的情感文化;另一方面,卷轴画本身就是传统情感文化的创新产物,映射出“中国式情感”同享共当、同感共鸣、投桃报李、生生不息的特点。卷轴画为人类提供了一套“中国式情感方案”——与万物同感、与历史共情,富于创造力地构筑心灵世界、维系朋友之谊、塑造价值共同体。当我们把对卷轴画的研究从静态的“文本”转向动态的“实践”,做到由“物”抵“人”之时,就能从卷轴画中挖掘传统情感文化的精妙智慧,从而扩展情感的洞察力。
“Community on Paper”: Scroll Paintings and the Emotional Practices of Chinese Literati
Abstract: Scroll painting is a unique medium of emotion:it integrates poetry,calligraphy,and painting into one,serving as an excellent tool for personal expression.It embodies characteristics of fluidity,connectivity,and openness,functioning not only as a “social medium” for emotional interaction and maintaining friendships but also as a vehicle for cross-temporal emotional dialogue between people of different eras.There exists a bidirectional relationship between scroll painting and traditional Chinese emotional culture:on one hand,the various emotional practices facilitated by scroll painting enrich and deepen traditional Chinese emotional culture;on the other hand,scroll painting itself is an innovative product of traditional emotional culture,reflecting the characteristics of “Chinese-style emotions” such as shared experiences,mutual resonance,reciprocity,and perpetual vitality.Scroll painting offers a set of “Chinese-style emotional solutions” — empathizing with all things,resonating with history,creatively constructing a spiritual world,maintaining friendships,and shaping a community of values.When we shift our research focus on scroll painting from static “texts” to dynamic “practices”, moving from “objects” to “people”, we can unearth the exquisite wisdom of traditional emotional culture from scroll paintings,thereby expanding our emotional insight.