报纸和报馆:考察中国报刊历史的视野
作者简介:黄旦,浙江大学传媒与国际文化学院教授(浙江杭州 310058)、复旦大学信息与传播研究中心研究员(上海 200433)
摘要: 以戈公振和梁启超为对象,揭示、比较“报纸”和“报馆”两种不同的历史视野,从而认为:戈公振所定义的“报纸”,是直接来自专业化类型报纸的启发,他在突出报纸内容和形式特征的同时,也使之脱离了历史语境,成为一个先定的标准物品,并以为报刊的历史,就是不断向这样的标准进化的过程。梁启超的“报馆”,归属于国家有机体,为之发挥“去塞求通”的作用。在这种结构功能的框架中,报刊的历史成为办报者如何担负并完成“有益于国事”的职责的经过。故而要立足人类沟通层面重新理解“去塞求通”,并以媒介之“通”为视野,以中介化实践为路径,着眼于媒—介的联结和转化,使报刊史成为报刊使人与人、人与物、人与社会相遇、碰撞、改变和构成的关系形态史。
Newspaper and Newspaper Offices: Two Perspectives to Examine the History of Chinese Newspapers and Periodicals
- Available Online:
2020-10-21
Abstract: Taking Ge Gongzhen and Liang Qichao as examples, this study unravels and compares “newspaper” and “newspaper offices” as distinct historical perspectives. Thereby, it posits that the “newspaper” as conceived by Ge Gongzhen draws inspiration directly from the archetype of professional newspapers. While underscoring the content and formal characteristics of newspapers, Ge de-contextualized newspapers historically, reducing it into a ready-made standard object set in advance. By so doing, Ge treated the history of newspapers as a continuous process of evoluationtowarrds such standards. In contrast, Liang Qichao conceived “newspaper offices” as part of the state organism, which aid the state to “remove obstructions and promote fluent interaction”. Within this structural-functional framework, the history of newspapers becomes a process for practitioners to fulfil their mission to “serve the national interest”. In conclusion, this paper advocates that scholars re-comprehend newspaper’s role of “removing obstructions and promoting fluent interaction” on the footing of human communication. Using media’s “promotion of fluent interaction” as a perspective, and adopting mediated practice as an approach, scholars should set eyes on the connections and transformations made possible by media dielectric, and render the history of newspapers a history of the mode of constitutive, confrontational, encountering and transformative relations enabled by newspapers between humans, things and society.