Abstract: The Fourth Industrial Revolution,represented by Artificial Intelligence (AI),is bringing about profound transformations in human production,lifestyle,and governance methods.While AI significantly enhances productivity,it also introduces various challenges to social relations of production,prompting widespread public concern and,at times,instigating anxiety about the ethical implications of science and technology.Addressing these concerns necessitates a deep theoretical and logical understanding of AI’s impact on relations of production.We adopt a political economy perspective to systematically examine how AI influences labor values,labor markets,the dynamics between capital and workers,consumer rights,patterns of national income distribution,economic globalization,social ethics,and social governance.By comprehensively assessing these facets,the aim is to effectively manage and standardize the risks and challenges posed by AI,providing a reference point to foster the safe,reliable,controllable,and sustainable development of AI.