美的本质问题在欧洲的起源、发展与启示
The Origin, Development and Enlightenment of the Essence of Beauty in Europe
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摘要: 美的本质是美学研究中最基本的理论问题，也是西方美学史中最根本的一大问题。“美学”作为一门独立科学被正式确立以前，欧洲学者对美的思索主要便集中在对“美的本质”问题的探讨中。欧洲传统美学对本质问题的热衷与其对真理规律的逻各斯中心主义求索及追寻本体的“形而上学”思维模式密切相关，直至古典形而上学的终结和美学由传统向现代转型，才渐趋实现对美的本质模式的消解或超越。然而，反本质主义并非意味着对“美的本质”问题的取消，而是试图在思辨哲学的依附性剥离和话语转场中撬开传统的枷锁转换思维模式和言说范式，从而在多元方法途径中赋予美学思考的开放性并重新思考美的本质。作为建立美学理论体系的逻辑基点，美的本质问题不仅是当下美学研究避免本质弥散后坠入话语离心和历史虚无的重要保证，还是解决当下人的生存困境并提升其精神信仰的途径，因而有着无可回避的重要价值。Abstract: The essence of beauty is not only the most basic theoretical problem in aesthetic research, but also the most fundamental and most concerned problem in the history of Western aesthetics. Especially before aesthetics was formally established as an independent science, European scholars’ thinking about beauty mainly focused on the discussion of the essence of beauty, and generally experienced the evolution process from natural ontology, theological ontology to epistemology and then to humanistic ontology. The enthusiasm of European traditional aesthetics for the problem of the essence of beauty is closely related to the logos centralism pursuit of the truth and the thinking mode of metaphysical. It is not until the end of classical metaphysics and the transformation of aesthetics from tradition to modern that it gradually realizes the digestion or transcendence of the essence of beauty. However, deconstruction, transcendence or anti-essentialism does not mean the cancellation of essence, but attempts to break the traditional shackles and transform the thinking mode and paradigm, so as to open the space for thinking about the essence of beauty. As the logical basis for establishing the system of aesthetic theory, the essence of beauty has inevitable rationality, and it is also an important guarantee for the current aesthetic research to avoid falling into discourse centrifugation after the dispersion of essence.
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Key words:
- the essence of beauty /
- Western aesthetics /
- ontology /
- metaphysics /
- anti-essentialism
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