Abstract: In today’s global economy,major nations use two different strategies,namely “industrial structural upgrading” and “industrial organizational optimization”,to drive the development of modern industrial systems.However,due to technological change and geopolitical conflicts,the focus is shifting to a new paradigm centered on policies designed to enhance the resilience and security of industrial chains.In modern industrial development,the industrial chain policy integrates the functions of industrial policy,competition policy and other policies,which can make itself complementary and consistent.The modern industrial system and industry chain modernization have a high degree of internal consistency,which means that industry chain modernization must be placed at the center of the construction of modern industrial system.To foster a systematic and integrated approach to industrial chain policy,it is imperative to design breakthrough policies targeting critical nodes within the industrial chain,devise coordination policies for seamless integration across various segments,promote policies that encourage structural upgrading from a labor division network perspective,and optimize spatial arrangements to address challenges arising from global industrial chain restructuring.In addition,it is also crucial to formulate spatial optimization policies aimed at mitigating issues such as “chain decoupling” and external relocation during the reorganization of global industrial chains.