法学方法论的属性定位、发生契机与体系构造
The Position, Origin and System of the Methodology of Jurisprudence
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摘要: 对法学方法论的理解必须回归到其本初的含义，即指法学研究的方法论，以此它与研究司法实践的法律方法论明显不同，将法律方法论直接用来指称法学方法论，将使法学研究的方法论无立足之地。同理，“法教义学”本身即可以视为一种独立的法学研究方法或者说法学方法论的一种类型，以法学方法论对其命名实为“画蛇添足”。法学方法论立基于具体法学研究方法之上，是对法学方法的体系构建与理论说明，指引和推进着法学研究的发展。从发生学意义上看，法学方法论深受自然科学方法论的影响，意在使法学研究成为真正意义上的科学研究，而法学研究主体对于法学研究科学性、实践性、历史性的主观追求以及在社会变革的大潮中用新的法学方法论创新法学理论的客观需要，使法学方法论脱颖而出并成为科学方法论中的一种独特类型。就体系构造而言，法学方法论包括法学研究的哲学预设、逻辑起点、分析视角、基本模式、主要范式、研究路径、主要方法、基本程式八个主要部分。它既包括法学研究中基础预设的铺陈、法律人逻辑起点的设定、个人主义与整体主义方法论的探讨、法律上人的模式的推演，又有个人本位的范式定位、价值与实证相结合的研究路径以及具体研究方法和研究步骤、检验标准的归纳。
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关键词:
- 法学方法论 /
- 法律方法论 /
- 法学方法论的发生契机 /
- 法学方法论的研究体系
Abstract: To understand the methodology of jurisprudence, we should return to its original meaning: the methodology for legal research. The methodology of jurisprudence has significant differences from the legal methodology which focuses on judicial practice, for the latter would undermine the foundation of the methodology for legal research. Similarly, “legal doctrine” is an independent legal research method or a type of methodology of jurisprudence; it is thus redundant to name it after the methodology of jurisprudence. Based on specific methods, the methodology of jurisprudence is a systematic construction and theoretical explanation of legal methods that guides and promotes the development of legal research. In terms of its origin, the methodology of jurisprudence is deeply influenced by the methodology of natural science to make it more objective, whereas the quest for scientific, practical, historical and the need to use new methods in different social conditions also shape the methodology of jurisprudence, making it a unique type of scientific methodology. In terms of its system, the methodology of jurisprudence mainly includes eight parts: the philosophical presupposition, logical start, analytical perspective, ideal model, main paradigm, research path, basic methods and program of legal research. It includes both the foundational presuppositions of legal philosophy, the logical start of the “legal person”, the methodological discussion between individualism and holism, the legal deduction of the “model of the human”, and the individualistic paradigm, the research path that combines value and empirical evidence, and the induction of specific research methods and testing criteria. -
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