Abstract: The emergence of Chinese children’s literature depends on the reconstruction of the modern knowledge-based view with “anthropology” as the core,and this reconstruction is reflected in two levels: “children’s concept” and “children’s literature concept”.It is a modern innovation toward “China” and “children” and “literature”.The meta-question of “what is a child” has two bases of knowledge,“discovery” and “invention”,and involves “essentialism” and “constructivism”.There are two paradigms of knowledge: “essentialism” and “constructivism”.The “impossibility” of children’s literature is not a denial of its intellectual legitimacy,but a questioning of the cognitive boundaries arising from the discrete knowledge sets of children and adults.However,the strong appearance of adult discourse in the transmission of knowledge has met the logical mechanism of deducing the occurrence of children’s literature with the superiority of ideas,and has contributed to the reconstruction of the knowledge-based view.The reconstruction of knowledge-based view of new literature provides anthropological resources and cognitive apparatus for the occurrence of children’s literature,while the occurrence of children’s literature participates in the modern project of reconstructing the anthropological concept of knowledge.This two-way mechanism reflects the unity of history and logic.