从“生佛不二”到“真俗圆融”——论中土华严学的佛性、解脱思想的形成和发展
From “Advaita” to “Yuanrong”——The Development of Buddha-Nature and Vimoksa Theories in Chinese Huayan Buddhism
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摘要: 中土华严学“真俗圆融”的佛性论和解脱论乃是通过对《华严经》等的“生佛不二”“心佛平等”“真俗平等”等说逐渐累积的多重过度诠释形成的。华严学一方面是无批判地依陆续流入的各种大乘学说诠释上述经文,最终将“生佛不二”转化为“心佛同体”,这在一个侧面再现了印度大乘佛学逐渐背离其心境皆空立场而与吠檀多学的真常唯心传统同化的过程。另一方面,它也是无批判地依本土的自然圆融思想会通不同时期流行的大乘思潮,导致对后者的圆融化并依此诠释《华严经》,故逐渐将“心佛平等”转化为“真俗互融”,从而消解了真俗的本质区别,最终使佛教的超越追求被标榜自然圆融的华夏生命智慧替代。因此,华严学向“唯心”和“圆融”两方面的转化,归根结底是大乘佛学逐渐与吠檀多传统和华夏本土传统融合的结果,而且二者在中土华严学的发展中相互交织,这就使后者表现出一种事实上的梵、华交融。Abstract: The Huayan School's "Yuanrong (perfect integration) of the mundane and the sacred" (真俗圆融) thought on Buddha-nature and liberation developed through a process of multilayered over-interpretation of the Avatamsaka Sūtra's teachings, particularly its claims of "non-duality of living beings and Buddha" (生佛不二) and "equality of mind and Buddha-nature" (心佛平等).By virtue of its unique hermeneutic strategy, the Huayan Buddhism has undergone a double transformation: (a) from "voidness of both consciousness and object" (心境皆空) to a philosophy of absolute, eternal consciousness (真常唯心), thus eventually assimilated with the Vedanta tradition; (b) from "non-duality of paramartha and samvrti" (真俗不二) to "mutual-fusion of the mundane and the sacred" (真俗互融), thus ultimately dissolved Buddhism's transcendent aspirations and integrated into the naturistic and harmonious Chinese wisdom of life.The above-mentioned development of Huayan Buddhism epitomizes Mahāyāna Buddhism's syncretic fusion with both Vedāntic metaphysics and Chinese naturalism.It also demonstrated a de facto interweaving of Hindu and Chinese culture.
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