Abstract: The social life history reflects the material and spiritual world of ancient residents from the micro level, and reveals the specific picture of human social history. At present, most of the study focused on “object”, which weakens the main role of human, it will result in insufficient understanding to human society. The development of human osteoarchaeology provides an important tool to restore the social life history for us. Taking “human” as the starting point, we used microscopic analysis, computer tomography technology and ancient DNA technology to reconstruct the lifestyle, social behavior, the history of war and disease from four aspects, included dental microwear, skeletal pressure markers, trauma and paleopathology. We can deeply interpret the scene of ancient people’s life by human osteoarchaeology, so as to reveal the social differences and connections of different groups, and understand the characteristics, rules, ways and reasons of human social behavior under different historical backgrounds.