Abstract: The joint construction of the Belt and Road initiative has achieved more than expected results,but the theoretical research is relatively lagging behind,which is not only difficult to respond to the misunderstanding and doubts of the international community,but also failed to keep pace with the development of global economic practice in the new era.At the same time,the international political and economic theory is faced with great confusion and reflection in interpreting practical problems,and urgently needs theoretical guidance.Based on this,China,as the largest developing country,has rich experience in development practice and theoretical innovation,which has important implications for the theoretical innovation and development of the Belt and Road initiative.According to the valuable practical experience of the Belt and Road initiative,the Belt and Road initiative complements and improves the innovation and development of international political and economic theories in four dimensions: efficiency and equity,government and market,openness and development,and common development and joint development.This not only meets the practical needs of the new era to respond to new problems,but also makes up for and develops the existing theoretical deficiencies.It is also an attempt to promote the innovation and development of economic theory based on the practical experience of major developing countries,and provides theoretical reference for solving the problems faced by the current global economic development.