Abstract: Yan’an literature and art system has evolved from the experience gained by the Communist Party of China in leading the literary movement of the left League and Chinese Soviet areas in the 1930s. It not only inherits the tradition of “popularization of literature and art” inaugurated by Chinese League of Left-wing writers with the blood of martyrs, but also carries forward the “Soviet literature and art tradition” created by the Chinese Soviet areas and the Red Army arduously in Yan’an. The organizational system of literary movement tried by Chinese League of Left-wing Writers and Soviet areas, along with the successful experience in carrying out the popularization of literature and art, has paved the way for the development of Yan’an literature and art system.