Abstract: As an emerging power in the field of global environmental governance,carbon governance power has undergone a complex construction process from social movement to global political consensus to productive power transformation.Classic international relations theories’ research on carbon governance mainly comes from Western ecological Marxism,which can hardly provide an appropriate explanation for carbon governance due to the absence of the application of the global economy analytical framework.As the concept of low-carbon development walks onto the stage,many countries have introduced a series of policies regarding carbon governance and correspondingly promoted political and economic agendas,highlighting the interaction between the construction of carbon governance,a kind of superstructure in international relations,and the transformation of the global economic base.Despite there being space for dialogue and cooperation in terms of carbon governance power,major countries have been competing around rule-formulating,carbon finance,trade standard,low-carbon techniques,and new energy automobile especially.The great power competition,based on the integration of industry and technique,is casting a huge influence on the construction and consolidation of carbon governance power.