Back to Marx: Civil Society and Alienation of Labor in the Ontology of Scocial Gestalt

There are four main clues in this article: The first clue is the complicated historical identification of civil society-bourgeois society-capitalist mode of production in the progress of Marx’s thought. The second clue is the Marx’s theory of alienation of labor, the transformation from the humanistic configurating in the Manuscripts of 1844 to the scientific theory of alienation of labor in the middle and late research of economics. The third clue is the reflection on the ontology of gestalt and the “theory of relational consciousness” in the perspective of the first-level materialization (general materialization) in the objective dimension of historical materialism in the broad sense and the economic fetishism in the perspective of the second-level materialization (economic materialization) in the subjective dimension of historical materialism in the narrow sense. The fourth clue is the historical study of Marx’s philosophical epistemology, from the critical epistemology of humanism, through the historical epistemology and to restart the scientific critical epistemology.