“直观”的不同意涵及效应—从塞拉斯和麦克道尔对康德的解读来看
The Various Implications and Efficacies of Intuition
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摘要: 不同于布兰顿的理性主义路线,塞拉斯和麦克道尔试图保留并重塑经验主义的遗产,即在抛弃直接“所予”的基础上重新界定知识的经验基础。但塞拉斯和麦克道尔的经验主义是两个非常不同的理论方案,因为他们对经验基础的理解存在着关键分歧,这一点突出体现在他们对康德的解读和对直观的理解上。塞拉斯认为直观必须和感觉印象明确区分开来,概念运作必须止步于直观,无法进一步向前延伸至感觉印象。而麦克道尔则认为,概念能力的自发性运作可以在直观中越过塞拉斯式的感觉印象,更远地延伸至世界本身。这些分歧不但隐含着匹兹堡学派内部从康德到黑格尔的推进线索,还从根本上导致了“人在世界中”和“将世界纳入视野”这两幅极为不同的经验主义图景。Abstract: This essay aims to differentiate and analyse the theoretical approaches of the Pittsburgh School philosophers, by discussing their readings of the Kantian concept of Anschauung (intuition). Unlike Brandom’s rationalistic approach, Sellars and McDowell try to preserve and remould the heritage of empiricism. But their approaches differ significantly in understanding the empirical basis, which is in turn manifested in their readings of Kant, especially of the structure of intuition. A close examination of their readings not only reveals the developing clue from Kant to Hegel inside Pittsburgh School, but also demonstrates two different pictures of remoulded empiricism.
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