我国敏感个人信息处理规则的规范解释与体系构造
Normative Explanation and Systematic Construction of Rules of Processing of Sensitive Personal Information in China
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摘要: 我国《个人信息保护法》确立了严格的限制性原则与“告知−同意”规则,以期为敏感个人信息提供特殊保护,是对域内外立法的一种突破。但其在规范体系上仍然存在诸多不足之处,需要进行调适。在具体路径上,可运用民事权益位阶理论、隐私合理期待理论建构“特定的目的”与“充分的必要性”的限制性规则,合理限缩其适用范围。课以信息处理者“提示或者说明义务”。除例外情形,敏感个人信息的处理应以信息主体的“书面同意”为原则。敏感个人信息处理规则设置理念由“告知−同意”转向“风险预防”,可创设递进式应对方案予以回应。“告知—同意”规则呈现受限态势,应以限制性原则对“告知−同意”规则进行补强。敏感个人信息影响评估模式实现了由单一评估模式向复合评估模式的转变,需建立规范协调制度以消解由此引发的系列问题。
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关键词:
- 敏感个人信息处理规则 /
- 价值定位 /
- 制度调适 /
- 发展趋势 /
- 立法回应
Abstract: Personal Information Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China establishes strict restrictive principles and the informed consent rules in order to provide special protection for sensitive personal information, which is a breakthrough from domestic and international legislations. However, there are still many shortcomings about its normative system and it needs to be adjusted. In terms of the specific way, we should apply the rank theory of civil-law rights and interests and the theory of reasonable expectation of privacy to construct the restrictive rules of “specific purpose” and “sufficient necessity” to reasonably limit their scopes of application. And we should impose “the aforementioned abligation of calling attention or giving explanations” on the information processors. Except for exceptiones, the processing of sensitive personal information shall be based on the principle of “written consent” of the information subjects. The concept of setting rules for handling sensitive personal information shifts from “informed consent” to “risk prevention” and a progressive response plan can be created so as to respond the concept. And the informed consent rules appears limited condtion and the informed consent rules should be reinforced by restrictive principles. The impact assessment model of sensitive personal information has changed from a single assessment model to a composite assessment model, and a standardized and coordinated system should be established to eliminate the series of problems arising from it. -

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