Abstract: Site selection for major risk facilities involves hazard defense, space shaping, benefit balance, and risk allocation. In the existing research, the discourse of “Not in My Backyard” (NIMBY) and its analytical framework are inadmissible. The risk decision of the project site is based on the uncertainty. However, the risk description of the risk assessment, which contains value judgment and morphological structure of danger, risk, and residual risk, is a normative decision. The risk decision of the project site selection is future-oriented space shaping activities. Multiple benefits have been substantively constructed in the administrative process. The process of project site selection is also the process of risk allocation. The risk allocation process has multi-level dynamic means. The basis of participation is no longer limited to subjective public rights, but includes multiple interests, risk knowledge and even risk tolerance to establish a “discourse-construction” deliberative democracy and cooperative decision-making structure.