哲学及其未来
作者简介:蒂莫西·威廉姆森,英国牛津大学哲学系教授
摘要: 哲学发展源于内部力量、外部力量及二者的交融。内部力量是哲学传统自身的力量,哲学的内部发展往往是不可预知的。外部力量是来自哲学传统之外的力量,政治、经济、文化、宗教、历史、文学、语言等都可能对哲学的发展产生影响。外部力量的作用可以从分析哲学的历史中得到说明。20世纪80年代以来,分析哲学的传播成为全球最明显的哲学趋势之一,这得益于英语的国际语言地位、分析哲学自身的科学性与其形式化特征。与之相关,分析的道德哲学、政治哲学以及应用伦理学得以发展,并且分析哲学与认知心理学、人工智能等联系更加紧密。但这并不意味着分析哲学将在哲学领域获得主导地位。随着不同哲学传统之间的互动越来越多,哲学的未来可能会越来越国际化,哲学也面临着来自外部和内部的威胁。从长远来看,哲学领域应对威胁而得以发展的策略不是降低哲学自身的标准,而是鼓励创新。
Philosophy and Its Future
- Available Online:
2021-07-20
Abstract: The developments of philosophy are caused by internal forces, external forces and a mixture of these forces. Internal forces are those exerted from inside a philosophical tradition itself, and the internal developments of philosophy tend to be unpredictable. External developments are those caused mainly by external forces. The developments of philosophy may be influenced by politics, economics, culture, religion, history, literature, language, and so on. The role of external forces can be illustrated from the history of analytic philosophy. Since the 1980s, one of the most obvious global philosophical trends has been the spread of analytic philosophy. Analytic philosophy has tended to benefit from the trends that English is currently the most international language, the scientific aspect of analytic philosophy, and the formal areas of analytic philosophy. In this connection, analytic moral philosophy, political philosophy and applied ethics also flourish, and analytic philosophy is more closely related to cognitive psychology and artificial intelligence. But this does not mean that analytical philosophy will gain a dominant position in philosophy. The future of philosophy is likely to be increasingly international, with increasing interaction between different traditions. But philosophy also faces serious dangers, both from internal and external. In the long run, its best strategy in the face of these threats is to encourage innovations and not to compromise its high standards.