租购同权过程中住房权与公共服务获取权的可能冲突—为“住”租房还是为“权”租房
The Possible Conflict between the Housing Rights and the Rights to Public Services Availability in the Process of “Equal Rights between Buyer and Tenant”
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摘要: 租购并举是中央近年来明确下来的中国未来住房市场发展的新方向，力图以此解决住房市场发展不平衡、不充分的问题。在此背景下，租购同权作为推进租购并举的一个重要政策导向被提出来。然而，在优质公共服务空间非均衡的客观背景下，租购同权虽然有助于快速增加住房租赁需求、壮大租赁市场规模，但也有可能刺激大量中高收入群体为获取稀缺公共资源等进行投机性租赁，加快稀缺公共服务在租金上的资本化，导致租金快速上涨，从而产生低收入群体住房租赁消费被迫降级的挤出效应。究其根源，脱离国情和实际片面强调租购同权，可能会放大住房权与公共服务获取权之间的内生矛盾，导致一部分群体从为“住”租房转向为“权”租房，弱化住房租赁的消费功能，加剧住房供给的结构性矛盾。因此，在努力增加公共服务配置空间均衡和推进各项配套性制度改革的同时，还要从真正理解什么是住房权入手，找准住房租赁市场的功能定位，将保障住房权与保障公共服务获取权合理脱钩，防止公共服务获取权被资本化、金融化，只有这样才能更好实现住房市场租购并举，进而保障全体人民住有所居。Abstract: Rent-purchase equilibrium is a new direction of the future housing market development in China, which has been made clear by the central government in recent years, so as to solve the imbalance and insufficiency of the housing market. And " equal rights between buyer and tenant” has been put forward as an important policy orientation. However, under the objective background of the imbalance of public service allocation and the shortage of high-quality public resources, although this policy can increase the demand for housing rental rapidly in the short term and expand the scale of the rental market, it also stimulates many middle- and high-income households to rent speculatively, which will push housing rent up rapidly, squeeze low-income groups out of the rental market. This paper puts forward that, while increasing the balance of public service allocation and promoting the reform of various supporting systems, we should begin with a real understanding of what the housing rights is and find out the functional orientation of the housing rental market. Decoupling of the housing rights from the rights of obtaining public services, preventing the acquisition of public services from capitalizing. Only in this way, can we achieve a better housing market that all people enjoy their rights to housing.
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