语言、民族国家建构和国家语言政策
Language, Construction of Nation-state, and Language Policy
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摘要: 在近代“民族国家”建构的历史过程中，语言文字作为人类社会最重要的信息交流工具成为群体认同的文化基础并发挥了特殊的凝聚作用，被视为现代“民族”进行政治与文化建构的关键要素。确定并推行国家通用语言，是构建现代国家公民政治认同和建立全国统一劳动力市场的文化基础。在近代民族国家建构的过程中，各国政府为了强化全体国民的政治与文化认同，各自根据具体国情制定并推行了本国语言政策，这些政策实践中展现的利弊得失，也为我们提供了宝贵经验和教训。无论是理解和学习其他文明，还是不断对自身文明传统的再认识，语言和语言变迁史分析将始终是我们必须关注的一个重要研究领域。Abstract: In the historical process of “nation-building”, languages as the most important tools in human communication have played a key role as the cultural base of national identity, and their functional roles have been confirmed by many academic studies. Identifying a national language and promoting its popularity within the country has been the cultural base for political identity of all citizens and national labor market in many countries. China is walking on the road towards its national rejuvenation. China needs to learn from other nations to absorb all achievements and wisdoms of human civilization all around the world, and meanwhile maintain our own cultural traditions and confidence. It is not an easy task. Therefore, the study of language and history of language transitions will always be one of the most important fields in understanding and learning from other civilizations and recognizing of our traditions.
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Key words:
- languages /
- construction of nation-state /
- national language /
- language policy
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