论“维特根斯坦式的实用主义”—基于新实用主义的视角
The Impact of Wittgenstein’s Philosophy on the Development of Pragmatism
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摘要: 围绕维特根斯坦哲学与实用主义之间的思想关联这一重要论题,一些新实用主义者将维氏直接列入实用主义阵营,这种做法招致了诸多反驳。即便从实用主义视角出发来讨论,也不能将维氏直接理解为一名实用主义者。维氏不能在任何意义上被视为一名古典实用主义者,但我们可以在新实用主义的语境中来理解他,并提出一种“维特根斯坦式的实用主义”(而非“维特根斯坦的实用主义”)。这种版本的实用主义体现了新实用主义真实地承袭了维氏关于语言游戏、遵守规则、意义理论等方面的洞察,从而,维氏在实用主义的发展中起到了积极的作用;同时,这种表述也暗示着,新实用主义者在具体发展维氏思想时,或多或少背离了维氏原意。在此意义上,实用主义者在将维氏列为自己思想同侪时,需持审慎的态度,不能混淆对维氏的实用主义式解读和维氏思想本身。Abstract: On the crucial topic of the intellectual connection between Wittgenstein’s philosophy and pragmatism, some neo-pragmatists include Wittgenstein in their camp. This approach has caused many debates. This article revisits this topic from the pragmatist perspective, arguing that Wittgenstein cannot be considered a classical pragmatist in any sense. Still, we can understand him in the context of neo-pragmatism and even propose a version of Wittgensteinian pragmatism (rather than Wittgenstein’s pragmatism). This version of pragmatism reveals that neo-pragmatism has authentically inherited Wittgenstein’s insights in his talks on linguistic games, rule-following, and the theory of meaning. Thus he indeed played a positive role in the development of pragmatism. At the same time, this unique formulation also implies that the neo-pragmatists have departed more or less from Wittgenstein’s original intentions in developing Wittgenstein’s thoughts. In this sense, pragmatists need to be more responsible when classifying Wittgenstein as a peer of them and avoid confusing the pragmatist reading of Wittgenstein’s philosophy with Wittgenstein’s thought itself.
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Key words:
- Wittgenstein /
- pragmatism /
- practice /
- normativity
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