《庄子》“小大之辩”两种解释取向及其有效界域

陈　赟

English

陈　赟

引用本文: 陈　赟. 《庄子》“小大之辩”两种解释取向及其有效界域[J]. 学术月刊, 2019, 51(8): 13-26. shu

Citation: Yun CHEN. Two Interpretation Orientations of the Debate on the Small and the Big in Zhuangzi and their Effective Ranges[J]. Academic Monthly, 2019, 51(8): 13-26. shu

《庄子》“小大之辩”两种解释取向及其有效界域

陈　赟

华东师范大学哲学系暨中国现代思想文化研究所，上海 200241

作者简介: 陈赟，华东师范大学哲学系暨中国现代思想文化研究所教授（上海 200241）;

中图分类号: B2

Two Interpretation Orientations of the Debate on the Small and the Big in Zhuangzi and their Effective Ranges

Yun CHEN

Department of Philosophy&Institute of Modern Chinese Thoughts and Culture, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241
Available Online: 2019-08-01
CLC number: B2

摘要: 小大之辩是《庄子·逍遥游》的重要论题，对此已形成两种基本解释取向：“小大齐一”和“小不如大”。现代研究者视之为矛盾冲突的表现，解决之道往往是在两者之中选择其一。但这种解决方式犯了误置具体性的错误，合理的解决方式是贞定两种取向的各自有效界域。通过对《逍遥游》的整体研究，可以看到：小不及大的合理界域指向的是心，即生存论的视域与格局，小不及大意味着最大化地扩展生存论视域；小大齐一是就性而言的，每一物之性在质上虽然各不相同，可谓千差万别，根本无法齐等，但皆可通达在己之天，由性而天的道路对每一个存在者都是齐等的，因而，与小大齐一相关联的是，走向适性、足性之路，才能成就主体的自由。主体的自由行程以大其心始，以等齐其性终，在小大之辩的尽头，万物各从其性，不同存在者自性齐等，这就是“天地之正”的世界图景，后者乃是小大之辩的最终归宿。
- 庄子 /
- 小大之辩 /
- 小不如大 /
- 大小齐一
Abstract: The debate on the small and the big is an important topic of " Wandering in Absolute Freedom” (" 逍遥游”) in the Book of Zhuangzi. The interpretation of it has formed two basic orientations: one is that the big is more important than the small and the other is that the small and the big are equal on the road to freedom. Modern researchers regard this as the manifestation of conflicts, and the solution is often to choose one of them. However, this solution has made the fallacy of misplaced concreteness. A reasonable solution is to determine the respective effective boundaries of the two orientations. As far as our research is concerned, the rationality of the former interpretation orientation is only effective when it points to the mind, that is, the horizon and pattern of existentialism while the latter interpretation orientation is meaningful only within the scope of nature. Although the nature of each thing is qualitatively different, it can reach its own destiny in its own way respectively and it is equal to every being, whether it is the big one or the small one.Therefore, the essence of the second interpretation orientation is to fully realize one’s own nature and move toward freedom. This must be based on the expansion of the existential horizon. The former interpretation orientation is directed to maximizing the expansion of the existential field of view.The two interpretation orientations constitute two different stages of the subject’s course towards freedom—from expanding the existential horizon to realizing all beings’ own nature respectively.When everything works according to its own nature, this is what Zhuangzi calls " tiandizhizheng”(天地之正).
- Zhuangzi /
- the debate on the small and the big /
- the big having priority over the small /
- equality between the small and the big
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《庄子》“小大之辩”两种解释取向及其有效界域

陈　赟

作者简介:陈赟，华东师范大学哲学系暨中国现代思想文化研究所教授（上海 200241）

华东师范大学哲学系暨中国现代思想文化研究所，上海 200241

网络出版日期: 2019-08-01

关键词:

摘要: 小大之辩是《庄子·逍遥游》的重要论题，对此已形成两种基本解释取向：“小大齐一”和“小不如大”。现代研究者视之为矛盾冲突的表现，解决之道往往是在两者之中选择其一。但这种解决方式犯了误置具体性的错误，合理的解决方式是贞定两种取向的各自有效界域。通过对《逍遥游》的整体研究，可以看到：小不及大的合理界域指向的是心，即生存论的视域与格局，小不及大意味着最大化地扩展生存论视域；小大齐一是就性而言的，每一物之性在质上虽然各不相同，可谓千差万别，根本无法齐等，但皆可通达在己之天，由性而天的道路对每一个存在者都是齐等的，因而，与小大齐一相关联的是，走向适性、足性之路，才能成就主体的自由。主体的自由行程以大其心始，以等齐其性终，在小大之辩的尽头，万物各从其性，不同存在者自性齐等，这就是“天地之正”的世界图景，后者乃是小大之辩的最终归宿。

English Abstract

Two Interpretation Orientations of the Debate on the Small and the Big in Zhuangzi and their Effective Ranges

Yun CHEN

Department of Philosophy&Institute of Modern Chinese Thoughts and Culture, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241

Available Online: 2019-08-01

Abstract: The debate on the small and the big is an important topic of " Wandering in Absolute Freedom” (" 逍遥游”) in the Book of Zhuangzi. The interpretation of it has formed two basic orientations: one is that the big is more important than the small and the other is that the small and the big are equal on the road to freedom. Modern researchers regard this as the manifestation of conflicts, and the solution is often to choose one of them. However, this solution has made the fallacy of misplaced concreteness. A reasonable solution is to determine the respective effective boundaries of the two orientations. As far as our research is concerned, the rationality of the former interpretation orientation is only effective when it points to the mind, that is, the horizon and pattern of existentialism while the latter interpretation orientation is meaningful only within the scope of nature. Although the nature of each thing is qualitatively different, it can reach its own destiny in its own way respectively and it is equal to every being, whether it is the big one or the small one.Therefore, the essence of the second interpretation orientation is to fully realize one’s own nature and move toward freedom. This must be based on the expansion of the existential horizon. The former interpretation orientation is directed to maximizing the expansion of the existential field of view.The two interpretation orientations constitute two different stages of the subject’s course towards freedom—from expanding the existential horizon to realizing all beings’ own nature respectively.When everything works according to its own nature, this is what Zhuangzi calls " tiandizhizheng”(天地之正).

《庄子》“小大之辩”两种解释取向及其有效界域

作者简介: 陈赟，华东师范大学哲学系暨中国现代思想文化研究所教授（上海 200241）;

Two Interpretation Orientations of the Debate on the Small and the Big in Zhuangzi and their Effective Ranges

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

《庄子》“小大之辩”两种解释取向及其有效界域

作者简介:陈赟，华东师范大学哲学系暨中国现代思想文化研究所教授（上海 200241）

English Abstract

Two Interpretation Orientations of the Debate on the Small and the Big in Zhuangzi and their Effective Ranges

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《庄子》“小大之辩”两种解释取向及其有效界域

作者简介: 陈赟，华东师范大学哲学系暨中国现代思想文化研究所教授（上海 200241）;

Two Interpretation Orientations of the Debate on the Small and the Big in Zhuangzi and their Effective Ranges

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

《庄子》“小大之辩”两种解释取向及其有效界域

作者简介:陈赟，华东师范大学哲学系暨中国现代思想文化研究所教授（上海 200241）

English Abstract

Two Interpretation Orientations of the Debate on the Small and the Big in Zhuangzi and their Effective Ranges

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