中国金融改革的实践及其深化改革的方向
The Direction of Deepening Reform Based on the Practice of China’s Financial Reform
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摘要: 从历史和全球的视角来看，改革开放以来中国以银行改革为主体的金融改革实践取得了良好的经济绩效，金融发展取得了历史性成就，有力地支撑了中国经济的高速增长。同时，中国还成功经受住了历次金融危机的严峻考验，切实维护了金融稳定，可谓走出了一条符合中国国情的正确的金融改革发展道路。进入新时代，中国金融已不能完全适应经济高质量发展的需要，迫切需要深化金融改革，推动金融业高质量发展。为此，中国应立足当前经济转型的需要，根据自身金融改革的实践经验，继续走中国特色金融改革发展道路，通过进一步深化金融改革，推动中国金融朝着优化结构、提高效率、安全稳定的方向发展。Abstract: Looking back on China’s financial reform and development from a historical and global perspective, we can find out that China has achieved good economic performance by the financial reform with bank reform as the main body. China’s financial development has made historic achievements, which has strongly supported the rapid growth of the China’s economy and has successfully withstood the previous financial crises. It can be said that the path of China’s financial reform is correct. Entering the new era, China’s finance can no longer fully meet the needs of the high-quality development stage. It is urgent to deepen financial reform and promote the high-quality development of the financial industry. Thus, China should continue to follow the path of financial reform based on the needs of current economic transformation and its own practical experience. By further deepening financial reform, China’ finance should move toward optimizing the financial structure, improving the efficiency of financial services and ensuring the financial security and stability.
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Key words:
- financial reform /
- practical experience /
- path and direction /
- high-quality development
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表 1 经济货币化率（%）
年份 中国 美国 日本 英国 俄罗斯 捷克 匈牙利 墨西哥 智利 哥伦比亚 1978 24.19 69.50 134.79 32.04 − − − 32.02 20.21 27.02 1985 53.58 74.47 163.25 38.17 − − 48.21 25.50 38.11 31.27 1990 77.79 71.22 185.62 84.96 − − 43.76 22.51 37.32 24.12 1995 99.03 60.82 202.78 60.52 19.31 68.43 46.52 24.43 35.80 32.93 2000 135.58 68.50 232.87 94.57 21.54 60.75 44.91 22.39 51.84 25.82 2005 151.09 72.47 198.48 116.40 33.38 55.58 49.88 26.60 74.26 31.00 2010 176.13 85.17 217.69 164.12 51.44 69.65 61.22 30.63 66.76 38.00 2015 202.96 88.92 236.51 134.06 61.82 78.23 57.01 36.41 83.87 48.99 2016 209.45 89.93 243.61 140.01 59.18 80.33 59.24 37.72 82.83 48.92 2017 204.17 90.49 247.83 146.05 59.36 83.75 59.02 38.52 78.33 49.04 2018 199.15 89.32 252.08 148.86 59.11 84.33 60.08 37.89 76.89 48.47 注：资料来源于Wind资讯全球宏观数据库（世界银行统计数据）。部分国家的部分年份数据缺失，用“−”表示。 
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表 2 私人部门信贷占GDP的比重（%）
年份 中国 全球 中等收入 中等偏上 高收入 1978 50.29 74.39 33.85 39.36 84.95 1985 66.19 85.27 34.71 40.46 99.55 1990 86.20 108.70 39.45 44.56 124.74 1995 84.21 118.22 47.41 53.61 135.96 2000 111.12 132.27 49.45 55.97 155.07 2005 111.84 124.39 52.39 58.10 143.63 2010 126.58 121.64 69.90 78.18 146.49 2015 153.23 126.03 95.26 110.06 144.26 2016 157.57 128.40 97.35 113.19 146.44 2017 157.02 130.17 99.00 115.23 149.03 2018 161.14 129.73 105.17 122.74 144.46 资料来源：Wind资讯全球宏观数据库。
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