技术革命浪潮下创新组织演变的历史脉络与未来展望—数字经济时代下的新思考
Historical Retrospect and Future Prospect of Innovation Organization Evolution under the Tide of Technological Revolution
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摘要: 当前，正值第六次技术革命浪潮的导入期，大数据、人工智能等新一代信息技术的应用推广将会带来创新组织方式的变革，深入了解这些变化及其影响有利于在数字经济时代更好地制定产业与创新政策。通过对历次技术革命浪潮中创新组织型态演变的历史脉络的梳理，可在此基础上重点探讨第六次技术革命浪潮下，数字技术与数字经济发展是如何促进创新组织型态演变的。研究表明，技术创新与组织创新之间相互作用，形成了一种双向的互馈关系：一方面，以数字技术为核心支撑技术的新型基础设施建设，推动创新生态系统向开放、协同、共享的创新组织形态转变，外部环境变化对核心主导企业提出了新的潜在特征需求，大企业将更具有竞争效率，平台性组织开始普及，大型平台企业通过行业内兼并重组资源更易获得垄断地位，这些特征在更大程度上决定了企业进行组织创新的方向。另一方面，数字时代，价值创造和分配格局发生了变化，先锋企业为了保证竞争优势，在提高生产率和创造更多价值的内在动力驱动下，将积极进行内部组织的革新，带动网络组织间的制度安排优化，进而促进数字技术的进一步创新和扩散。Abstract: At present, it is the introduction period of the sixth wave of technological revolution. The applications and promotions of the next-generation information technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence will bring about unprecedented changes in the way of innovation organization. Understanding of these changes and their impact will help better formulate industrial and innovation policies in the digital economy era. This paper firstly studies the historical retrospective of the innovation organization patterns in the previous waves of technological revolution, and then focuses on how the development of digital technology and digital economy promotes the evolution of innovation organization patterns in the sixth wave of technological revolution. Our paper shows that technological innovation and organizational innovation interleave each other and form a two-way feedback relationship: On the one hand, applying digital technology in the new infrastructure construction which is the core supporting technology, promotes the transformation of innovation ecosystem to an open, collaborative and shared innovation organization form; and the other change of external environment puts forward new and characteristic potential requirements for core leading enterprises, hence large enterprises will be more competitive and efficient. However, platform organizations will begin to popularize and large platform enterprises incline to obtain monopoly status through mergers and acquisitions within the industry, and these features determine the direction of organizational innovation to a greater extent. On the other hand, the pattern of value creation and distribution has changed in the digital age, and furthermore, pioneer enterprises are driven by the internal motivation of improving productivity and creating more value to enhance their competitive advantage status, which will actively give impetus to internal organizational innovation, carry the optimization of institutional arrangements among network organizations forward, and then promote the further innovation and diffusion of digital technology.
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