刘渊的顾命大臣与河瑞、嘉平之际汉国的皇权重构
作者简介:李磊,华东师范大学历史学系教授(上海 200241)
关键词:
- 刘渊 /
- 刘聪 /
- 屠各 /
- 汉 /
- 皇权 /
- 顾命大臣
摘要: 河瑞二年(310)七月刘渊安排的辅政格局是元熙元年(304)以来汉国权力结构演化的结果。永凤元年(308)刘渊王权转化为皇权意味着屠各刘氏对政权的独占。刘渊的顾命安排旨在维系五部屠各、六夷等诸种势力间的平衡,以及勋贵之间的权力制衡。虽然继位者是武力夺权的刘聪,但他仍然延续了刘渊的辅政格局。一方面通过与刘乂的联盟维系了五部屠各与六夷的合作,一方面又通过尊崇顾命大臣塑造自身的继位合法性。倾覆洛阳后,刘聪于嘉平二年(312)与刘渊的顾命大臣之间进行了广泛的联姻,并让诸子掌管宿卫禁兵及离石、蒲子等旧都,这些举措将刘聪的皇权从屠各刘氏的宗室权力中凸显出来,初步建构起具有专制性的汉国皇权。
Liu Yuan’s Designated Arrangement of Minister and the Reconstruction of Imperial Power in Han Dynasty at the Time of Herui and Jiaping
- Available Online:
2021-09-20
Abstract: Liu Yuan’s assistant political structure in July 310 was the result of the evolution of the power structure of the Han state since 304. In the first year of Yongfeng (308), the transformation of Liu Yuan’s royal power into imperial power means that the Liu clan of Tu Ge monopolized the power. Liu Yuan’s life-saving arrangement aimed to maintain the balance between the forces of Five Tu Ge, Six Barbarians and the balance of power between the nobles. Although the successor was Liu Cong, who seized power by force, he still continued Liu Yuan’s political structure. On the one hand, through the alliance with Liu Yi, the cooperation between the Five Tu Ge and the Six Barbarians was maintained. On the other hand, the legitimacy of his succession was shaped by respecting the minister who gave orders. After the overthrow of Luoyang, Liu Cong married Liu Yuan’s ministers’ daughters in the second year of Jiaping (312), and let his sons take charge of Forbidden army, and old capitals such as Lishi, Puzi. These measures separated the imperial power of Liu Cong from the clan power of Tu Ge Liu, and initially established the autocratic imperial power of the Han Dynasty.