“言文一致”：从词汇看现代汉语的现代性

沈国威

English

“言文一致”：从词汇看现代汉语的现代性

沈国威

引用本文: 沈国威. “言文一致”：从词汇看现代汉语的现代性[J]. 学术月刊, 2021, 53(12): 195-205. shu

Citation: Guowei SHEN. Consistency of Spoken and Written Language: On the Modernity of Modern Chinese from the Perspective of Vocabulary[J]. Academic Monthly, 2021, 53(12): 195-205. shu

“言文一致”：从词汇看现代汉语的现代性

沈国威

作者简介: 沈国威，日本关西大学外国语学部教授；浙江工商大学东亚研究院兼职研究员;

中图分类号: K15

Consistency of Spoken and Written Language: On the Modernity of Modern Chinese from the Perspective of Vocabulary

Guowei SHEN

Available Online: 2021-12-20
CLC number: K15

摘要: 汉语的现代化进程始于20世纪的第一个十年，经五四新文化运动的强力推动，20年代末初具规模。近代汉语和现代汉语的区分标志是什么？王力认为语音、语法、词汇三者中，应将语法作为主要依据，关注的是汉语本体的变化；吕叔湘则强调言文一致的实现是汉语现代化的分水岭，着眼于语言在社会运用上的变化。随着书面语使用者的爆发式增长、语言内容和话语行为的质变，以及传媒的多样化成为汉语近现代转型的重要动机，新增词语引发的词汇体系的重构是汉语之为现代的最重要的体现形式。新增词语有一个共同的形态特征：二字词。二字词具有两种语言功能，一、精密描写，二、讲述与听解。只有二字词才能应对科学的进步和日益复杂的人类社会，也只有二字词才能对非日常的内容做到说得出、听得懂。这种本文称之为“科学叙事”的话语行为以“言文一致”为基本条件，是语言现代化的本质所在。本文的主要观点是，言文一致是汉语现代化的重要标志，而言文一致需要词语上的基础；汉语的词语新增得以在短时期内完成，是东亚域内语言接触与词汇交流的结果。从词汇体系现代重构的视角对汉语进行考察是必不可少的，因为语言的现代性是由词语的现代性决定的。
- 语分期 /
- 现代性 /
- 言文一致 /
- 新词语 /
- 国语
Abstract: The modernization of Chinese language began in the first decade of the 20th century, and began to take shape in the late 1920s with the strong promotion of the May Fourth New Culture Movement. What is the distinguishing mark of modern Chinese language? Wang Li believes that among pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary, grammar should be regarded as the main basis for distinguishing modern Chinese, focusing on the changes of Chinese language itself. Lü Shuxiang emphasized that the realization of consistency between language and text is the watershed of modern Chinese, focusing on the social application of language. This paper holds that the explosive increase of written language users, the qualitative change of language content and discourse behavior, and the diversification of media are important motives for the transformation of Chinese language in modern times, and the reconstruction of vocabulary system caused by new words is the most important embodiment of Chinese in modern times. The new words have a common morphological feature: two-character words. Two-character words have two linguistic functions, one is precise description, and the other is speaking and understanding. Only two-character words can cope with the progress of science and the increasingly complex human society, and only two-character words can speak and understand non-daily contents. This kind of discourse behavior, which is called “scientific narrative” in this paper, takes “consistency between words and texts” as the basic condition, which is the essence of language modernization. The main point of this paper is that the consistency of speech and text is an important symbol of Chinese language modernization, and the consistency of speech and text needs the foundation of vocabulary. The addition of Chinese words can be completed in a short period of time, which is the result of language contact and vocabulary exchange in East Asia. It is necessary to study Chinese from the perspective of modern reconstruction of vocabulary system, because the modernity of language is determined by the modernity of vocabulary.
- chinese staging /
- modernity /
- consistency of spoken and written language /
- neologism /
- national language
1. [1]
  张凤阳 . 现代性研究的“语言方案”. 学术月刊, 2018, 50(12): 52-63.
2. [2]
  文军，林茂 . 知识分子：一个概念的社会学考评—— 基于“德雷福斯事件”的话语权分析. 学术月刊, 2018, 50(7): 70-79.
3. [3]
  杨大春 . 当代性与“做以成人”. 学术月刊, 2020, 52(7): 5-13.
4. [4]
  段从学 . 作为大后方文学中心意象的“路”与现代“国家共同感”的发生. 学术月刊, 2019, 51(7): 128-137.
5. [5]
  邹诗鹏 . 试论民族的层次及其样态. 学术月刊, 2022, 54(10): 5-22.
6. [6]
  张洪彬 . 晚清疾疫理解的更新与世界的祛魅. 学术月刊, 2019, 51(10): 172-184.
7. [7]
  吴晓明 . 重论“中国哲学”的合法性问题. 学术月刊, 2021, 53(4): 5-20.
8. [8]
  李筠 . “自由”的一致性—— 论林肯重塑美国政治和宪法结构的基本逻辑. 学术月刊, 2017, 49(01): 76-85.
9. [9]
  邹诗鹏 . 现代性与剩余. 学术月刊, 2016, 48(08): 40-51.
10. [10]
  陈建华 . 商品、家庭与全球现代性. 学术月刊, 2020, 52(7): 135-145.
11. [11]
  孙向晨 . 何以归家：现代性的救赎. 学术月刊, 2024, 56(3): 20-36.
12. [12]
  张汝伦 . 现代性与哲学的任务. 学术月刊, 2016, 48(07): 31-37.
13. [13]
  林青 . 现代性与生命政治. 学术月刊, 2016, 48(05): 56-62.
14. [14]
  汪涌豪 . 走向知识共同体的学术—— 兼论回到中国语境的重要性. 学术月刊, 2016, 48(12): 5-13.
15. [15]
  林成文 . 古典的现代性及其当代意义. 学术月刊, 2017, 49(11): 120-184.
16. [16]
  颜海平 . 互为的转写：生成的现代性. 学术月刊, 2023, 55(11): 146-159.
17. [17]
  菅志翔，马戎 . 中国语言政策的历史演变. 学术月刊, 2023, 55(8): 123-144.
18. [18]
  陈晓明 . 无法终结的现代性—— 关于中国文学的“当代性”的思考. 学术月刊, 2016, 48(08): 113-123.
19. [19]
  黄爱华 . “新剧的发生”与中国戏剧的现代性寻求. 学术月刊, 2017, 49(11): 106-147.
20. [20]
  王宇 . 从“卫生现代性”重审鲁迅的弃医从文. 学术月刊, 2021, 53(8): 163-173.

点击查看大图

计量

PDF下载量: 9
文章访问数: 627
HTML全文浏览量: 94

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

“言文一致”：从词汇看现代汉语的现代性

沈国威

作者简介:沈国威，日本关西大学外国语学部教授；浙江工商大学东亚研究院兼职研究员

网络出版日期: 2021-12-20

关键词:

摘要: 汉语的现代化进程始于20世纪的第一个十年，经五四新文化运动的强力推动，20年代末初具规模。近代汉语和现代汉语的区分标志是什么？王力认为语音、语法、词汇三者中，应将语法作为主要依据，关注的是汉语本体的变化；吕叔湘则强调言文一致的实现是汉语现代化的分水岭，着眼于语言在社会运用上的变化。随着书面语使用者的爆发式增长、语言内容和话语行为的质变，以及传媒的多样化成为汉语近现代转型的重要动机，新增词语引发的词汇体系的重构是汉语之为现代的最重要的体现形式。新增词语有一个共同的形态特征：二字词。二字词具有两种语言功能，一、精密描写，二、讲述与听解。只有二字词才能应对科学的进步和日益复杂的人类社会，也只有二字词才能对非日常的内容做到说得出、听得懂。这种本文称之为“科学叙事”的话语行为以“言文一致”为基本条件，是语言现代化的本质所在。本文的主要观点是，言文一致是汉语现代化的重要标志，而言文一致需要词语上的基础；汉语的词语新增得以在短时期内完成，是东亚域内语言接触与词汇交流的结果。从词汇体系现代重构的视角对汉语进行考察是必不可少的，因为语言的现代性是由词语的现代性决定的。

English Abstract

Consistency of Spoken and Written Language: On the Modernity of Modern Chinese from the Perspective of Vocabulary

Guowei SHEN

Available Online: 2021-12-20

Abstract: The modernization of Chinese language began in the first decade of the 20th century, and began to take shape in the late 1920s with the strong promotion of the May Fourth New Culture Movement. What is the distinguishing mark of modern Chinese language? Wang Li believes that among pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary, grammar should be regarded as the main basis for distinguishing modern Chinese, focusing on the changes of Chinese language itself. Lü Shuxiang emphasized that the realization of consistency between language and text is the watershed of modern Chinese, focusing on the social application of language. This paper holds that the explosive increase of written language users, the qualitative change of language content and discourse behavior, and the diversification of media are important motives for the transformation of Chinese language in modern times, and the reconstruction of vocabulary system caused by new words is the most important embodiment of Chinese in modern times. The new words have a common morphological feature: two-character words. Two-character words have two linguistic functions, one is precise description, and the other is speaking and understanding. Only two-character words can cope with the progress of science and the increasingly complex human society, and only two-character words can speak and understand non-daily contents. This kind of discourse behavior, which is called “scientific narrative” in this paper, takes “consistency between words and texts” as the basic condition, which is the essence of language modernization. The main point of this paper is that the consistency of speech and text is an important symbol of Chinese language modernization, and the consistency of speech and text needs the foundation of vocabulary. The addition of Chinese words can be completed in a short period of time, which is the result of language contact and vocabulary exchange in East Asia. It is necessary to study Chinese from the perspective of modern reconstruction of vocabulary system, because the modernity of language is determined by the modernity of vocabulary.

“言文一致”：从词汇看现代汉语的现代性

作者简介: 沈国威，日本关西大学外国语学部教授；浙江工商大学东亚研究院兼职研究员;

Consistency of Spoken and Written Language: On the Modernity of Modern Chinese from the Perspective of Vocabulary

计量

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

“言文一致”：从词汇看现代汉语的现代性

作者简介:沈国威，日本关西大学外国语学部教授；浙江工商大学东亚研究院兼职研究员

English Abstract

Consistency of Spoken and Written Language: On the Modernity of Modern Chinese from the Perspective of Vocabulary

全文HTML

目录

“言文一致”：从词汇看现代汉语的现代性

作者简介: 沈国威，日本关西大学外国语学部教授；浙江工商大学东亚研究院兼职研究员;

Consistency of Spoken and Written Language: On the Modernity of Modern Chinese from the Perspective of Vocabulary

计量

文章相关

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

“言文一致”：从词汇看现代汉语的现代性

作者简介:沈国威，日本关西大学外国语学部教授；浙江工商大学东亚研究院兼职研究员

English Abstract

Consistency of Spoken and Written Language: On the Modernity of Modern Chinese from the Perspective of Vocabulary

全文HTML

目录