中国经济高质量发展的政策协调与改革应对
Policy Coordination and Reform Response for China’s High-quality Economic Development
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摘要: 中国经济增速自2010年以来持续显著下滑，一个重要原因是没有处理好短期政策应对和中长期深层次结构性改革的互动互补关系，导致当前中国经济面临诸多内部风险，再加上外部的不确定性，使得中国经济雪上加霜。要走出这样的困境，就需要加强政策协调和结构性改革的相互作用来应对其短期复杂局面，实现向高质量的中长期的发展迈进。这就必须在一个动态联动、一般均衡的综合治理框架之下来考虑稳增长、促改革、调结构、惠民生、防风险的工作，以此扭转经济持续下滑态势，这是改革开放进入新的历史时期的必然要求，也是适应经济发展动力转换、社会主要矛盾转变、体制机制转型升级的内在需要。面对改革发展难题不能仅停留在应该改的层面，更要明确怎么改、谁去改和能将改革举措形成可行方案推行落实下去，这都需要兼顾短期货币、财政政策和宏观谨慎政策调整与中长期结构性体制改革，形成互为支撑，尤其要对金融体制与财政体系（特别是地方财政体系）进行深层次结构性改革，促进金融部门与实体经济之间的良性循环，打破民企融资难、融资贵和地方债务高企的关联困境，实现中央政府与地方政府之间的激励相容，营造为促进民营经济大发展而良性竞争的局面，将市场化改革和经济全球化开放进一步引向深入，实现经济的可持续和良性发展。Abstract: One of the fundamental reasons for the continuous sharp decline of China’s economic growth since 2010 is the failure to properly handle the interactive and complementary relationship between short-term policy response and mid- and long-term deep structural reform. Consequently, China is facing many internal risks, coupled with external uncertainties that add to the economic difficulty. To address the short-term complex situation, China needs to strengthen policy coordination and structural reform in an interactive manner to achieve mid- and long-term high-quality development. Current efforts to stabilize growth, promote reform, adjust structure, benefit people’s livelihood and prevent risks must be positioned within a comprehensive governance framework featuring dynamic linkage and general equilibrium, so as to reverse the continuous deceleration trend. This is an inevitable requirement for reform and opening-up in the new historical period and is also essential for adapting to the transition of economic growth engines, the transformation of major social contradictions, and the restructuring and upgrading of institutions and mechanisms. In the face of reform and development challenges, we must move beyond the mere agreement on reform toward further clarifying how to reform and who is responsible and capable of the implementation. This requires both short-term monetary, fiscal and macro-prudential policy adjustments and mid- and long-term structural and institutional reforms, in particular deep structural reforms in financial and fiscal systems, so as to foster a virtuous circle between the financial sector and real economy, solve the dilemma of private enterprises’ financing difficulties and high costs and local governments’ high debts, achieve incentive compatibility between the central and local governments, and promote benign competition for development in the private sector. In this way China’s market-oriented reform and opening-up to economic globalization can go deeper to realize sustainable and benign economic development.
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