重论“中国哲学”的合法性问题
About the Legitimacy of “Chinese Philosophy”
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摘要: “中国哲学”的合法性问题困扰了中国学界一百多年，并且至今仍然一再被重提。这个问题的重要性在于：它同任何关于中国文化传统的现代言说具有本质的关联。问题的难点不仅在于西学渊源的“哲学”一词本身的高度不稳定，而且尤其在于这个外来词是否能够契合于对中国传统学术的正当言说。在“中国−哲学”与“中国−非哲学”的对立中，需要深入到形成此种对立的基础领域之中，而“合法性”一词正就提示出这样的基础领域：现代性在特定阶段上的绝对权力不仅形成了“中国−哲学”的特定勾连，而且使得这种勾连不可避免地进入到现代话语的阐释之中。在“世界历史”的基本处境中，“哲学”在单纯形式方面意味着：文化的主干、思想的母体、精神的核心。虽说这样的表述尚不涉及实体性的内容与差别，但由于它们特别地指向文化传统的中枢，所以不能不引起高度的警觉和长久的疑惑。就此而言，所谓合法性问题乃是“中国−哲学”对于自身的疑惑。这种疑惑是和中国近代以来学术总体上的“学徒状态”相一致的，而这种疑惑的解除则有赖于学术总体在特定阶段上能够摆脱其学徒状态并获得“自我主张”，正像问题的根本解决在基础性领域中有赖于历史性实践本身的发展一样。Abstract: The Chinese academic circle has been beset by the problem of the legitimacy of “Chinese philosophy” for more than a hundred years, and the the problem is hitherto put up time and again. The importance of this issue lies at that it is essentially related to any modern discourse concerning the cultural tradition in China. The difficulty comes out from that the word “philosophy” originating from the Western academy is in itself highly unstable, and that, especially, whether this loanword could be suited to the legitimate discourse of the traditional learning in China. Facing with the opposition of “China—philosophy” and “China—non-philosophy”, it is highly necessary to probe the basic area of this opposition, and the word “legitimacy” belongs to it. For a given stage, the absolute power of modernity not only forms a given liaison of “China—philosophy”, but also makes it inevitably enter in explaining modern discourse. In a basic context of “world history”, “philosophy” in its simple form means the stem of culture, the maternal body of thought, and the kernel of spirit. Although such an expression is yet to referring to substantial content and difference, it is because they specifically refer to the pivot of cultural tradition, so that they arouse high vigilance and long time suspicion. From this point, the so-called problem of legitimacy is the self uncertain by “China—philosophy”, which conforms to the “apprenticeship” of Chinese academy in general since the beginning of modern time. To solve this problem, it relies on the whole academics to get rid of its apprenticeship manner and acquire “self proposition” in a given stage, just as the final solution of this issue in basic areas must rely on the development of historical practice itself.
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Key words:
- Chinese philosophy /
- legitimacy /
- modernity
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