厚与薄:全球化与中国传统价值观念
Thick and Thin: Traditional Chinese Values and Concepts in Globalization
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摘要: 全球发展不断出现国际间文化价值观念的冲突。综合多学科视角,在中西方价值体系差异的比较中,通过理论梳理及案例说明,探究全球化对中国传统价值观念的影响显得尤为重要。理论研究发现,抽象哲学层面上的传统儒家思想在现当代中国社会确有直接与之对应的观念具象:自然观体系下的小农经济观念;人性伦理观之中的“家本位”观念;社会政治观体系中的权威主义观念。它们构成主导的中国传统价值观念也极富现代价值。借用政治文化视角进行厚—薄观念的区分后发现,价值观念亦呈“差序格局”,作为深层厚观念的中国传统价值观念,在宏观整体意义上是长期保持稳定而不随全球化发展而改变的;但由厚观念衍生的薄观念,则会在个体或微观群体的选择性意义上受到全球现代化的影响且发生流变。Abstract: Global development is constantly witnessing a clash of international cultural values. Through literature review and case studies from a multidisciplinary perspective, this study compares the differences between Chinese and Western value systems and investigates the impact of globalization on traditional Chinese values. This study suggests that traditional abstract Confucianism does directly have concrete applying concepts in contemporary Chinese society: the concept of small-peasant economy in the natural view system; the family-oriented concept in the human ethical view system; and the authoritarian concept in the socio-political view system. They constitute the dominant traditional as well as modern Chinese values. Employing the political-cultural perspective to make distinctions between “thick” and “thin” concepts, this study reveals that these values also follow the “differential mode of association.” “Thick concepts” (i.e., traditional Chinese values) remain stable and do not change with globalization. However, “thin concepts,” which are derived from thick concepts, change with globalization in the individual and micro sense.
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Key words:
- globalization /
- traditional values and concepts /
- thick and thin concepts
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表 1 中西方传统价值观念的差异
价值体系/价值观念 中国儒家传统 西方神学传统 自然观(人与自然) 天人合一,物我合一 “心”的“内在超越” 土地−小农经济 天人相分,物我对立,“神”的“外在超越”,神人同形同性,人处中心位置 人性伦理观
−人与自身
−人与他人性本善,仁亲,孝悌家本位、群本位的道德 理性、效率和自由个体本位、契约精神的道德 政治观(人与社会、与国家) 民本君主,内圣外王,家国同构权本位的等级式控制秩序 宗教规训、法制维持的道德秩序、以平等为目标的民主与科学