古基因组学理论方法与全新世人类历史研究

文少卿; 杜盼新

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January 2023

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Citation: Shaoqing WEN and Panxin DU. Paleogenomics and Its Application in Human History Research[J]. Academic Monthly, 2022, 54(10): 176-188. shu

Paleogenomics and Its Application in Human History Research

Shaoqing WEN ,
Panxin DU

Abstract

Ancient DNA is any DNA extracted from ancient specimens. The past decade has witnessed a revolution in ancient DNA research. Although the field’s focus was previously limited to mitochondrial DNA and a few nuclear markers, whole genome sequences from the deep past can now be retrieved. This breakthrough is tightly connected to the massive sequence throughput of next generation sequencing platforms and the ability to target short and degraded DNA molecules, which gave birth to the palaeogenomics. The commonly objects of palaeogenomics generally include mtDNA, Y chromosome and autosome. By providing time-stamped genetic data, ancient DNA has addressed many significant problems in modern human history, including the worldwide diffusion during Holocene. Today, palaeogenomics is likely soon becoming a standard tool in archaeology similar to radiocarbon dating, allowing genetics to enter into a fruitful symbiotic relationship with archaeology and history.
- palaeogenomics,
- next generation sequencing,
- analysis of ancient DNA data,
- human origins,
- Population history
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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

Paleogenomics and Its Application in Human History Research

Shaoqing WEN
Panxin DU

Available Online: 2022-10-20

Abstract: Ancient DNA is any DNA extracted from ancient specimens. The past decade has witnessed a revolution in ancient DNA research. Although the field’s focus was previously limited to mitochondrial DNA and a few nuclear markers, whole genome sequences from the deep past can now be retrieved. This breakthrough is tightly connected to the massive sequence throughput of next generation sequencing platforms and the ability to target short and degraded DNA molecules, which gave birth to the palaeogenomics. The commonly objects of palaeogenomics generally include mtDNA, Y chromosome and autosome. By providing time-stamped genetic data, ancient DNA has addressed many significant problems in modern human history, including the worldwide diffusion during Holocene. Today, palaeogenomics is likely soon becoming a standard tool in archaeology similar to radiocarbon dating, allowing genetics to enter into a fruitful symbiotic relationship with archaeology and history.