走向具体世界
Towards the Concrete World
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摘要: 作为“走向具体世界”的主要概念之一，“走向”既有“敞开”（认识）之意，也包含“规范”的内涵，与之相关的“具体世界”即真实存在。对世界的认识和规范，总是关乎理想与现实的互动。理想既有认识意义，也有规范功能，二者都基于现实而又还治现实。理想内含相关的形式，现实则构成了实质的对象。形式之维具有普遍性，但限定于此，则往往引向抽象性；实质的方面则关乎具体事物及其存在方式。从哲学上看，分析哲学侧重于对语言形式的逻辑分析；现象学虽然提出面向事物本身，但又表现出化现实为意识的趋向。理想、形式化的切入方式，同时具有“旁观”的特点。关注现实和实质的对象，需要进一步引向人与对象的互动，这种互动表现为“参与”。走向具体世界，同时表现为化本然为现实，这种建构现实世界的过程即以参与为形态。真正的参与不同于现象学的观念意义赋予，而是以实际“做事”为特点。 做事即成己与成物，在这一过程中，敞开对象与走向具体的世界呈现内在统一性。参与、做事的主体，也即人的具体存在，后者既是存在具体性的体现，也是达到具体世界的现实条件。Abstract: As one of the main concepts of “going to the concrete world”, “going to” means both “opening up” (understanding) and the “normativity”. The “concrete world” associated with it is real existence. Understanding and regulating the world is always related to the interaction between ideal and reality. Ideal has both cognitive significance and normative function, both of which are based on reality and return to reality. Ideals have formal meaning, while reality constitutes the object of substance. The dimension of form is universal, but if limited to it, it often leads to abstraction. The substantive aspect is about concrete things and their way of existence. Philosophically, analytical philosophy focuses on the logical analysis of language forms. Although phenomenology proposes to face things themselves, it also shows the trend of turning reality into consciousness. The ideal and formal way of entry is also characterized by “watching from the sidelines”. Focusing on the real and substantial objects needs to further lead to the interaction between human and objects, which is expressed as “participation” or “engagement”. The process of building the real world is in the form of participation. Real participation is different from the concept and meaning of phenomenology, but is characterized by actual “doing things”. Doing things is becoming the ideal person and the ideal world. In this process, opening up the object and moving towards the specific world present internal unity. The main agent of participation is the concrete existence of human beings, which is not only the embodiment of the concretenes of existence, but also the realistic condition to reach the concrete world.
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