《七录序》与阮孝绪的知识、思想世界
The “Preface to Seven Catalogues” and Ruan Xiaoxu’s World of Knowledge and Thought
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摘要: 南朝时期，由于纸的普及，相比于使用简牍的时代，获取知识的途径已大为便捷。在这种背景下，私家藏书兴盛。家有文史、拥书万卷者，也不罕见。“知识下移”成为一种趋势。因此，带有“博”的词汇，如“渊博综广”等，常常被用来形容当时的知识人。阮孝绪阅读量惊人，号称“博极群书”。保留在《广弘明集》中的《七录序》就对阮孝绪的阅读过程、知识构成有所记录。从《七录序》可知，书籍总目《七录》因其穷“天下之遗书秘记”的性质，在某种程度上反映了梁武帝大同二年（536）以前，整个南朝的藏书规模。从私人阅读的角度来讲，《七录》是阮孝绪个人“阅读史”的总结，包含了他自身的“知识轮廓”。不过，阮孝绪博极群书，“阅读领域”几乎涉及了当时各个学术门类。因此，探讨阮孝绪私人阅读的历程以及《七录》的目录构成，也就具备了更大的意义。阮孝绪个人的“阅读史”与精神前进的历程，其实也是整个南朝学术文化、精神世界变化的缩影。Abstract: During the Southern Dynasties, the spread of paper made it easier to acquire knowledge than in the days when bamboo slips were used. In this context, private book collections flourished and it was not uncommon for a family to accumulate a good library and hold thousands of books. In short, “knowledge popularization” became a trend. Therefore, words with “博” in them, such as “profound and comprehensive”, were often used to describe the intellectuals of that time. Ruan Xiaoxu was an astonishingly well read, and was known as “a man of great erudition”. The “Preface to Seven Catalogues” (《七录序》) preserved in the Guang Hongming Collection (《广弘明集》) recorded the reading process and knowledge composition of Ruan Xiaoxu. From the “Preface to the Seven Catalogues”, it can be seen that the general catalogue of books, Seven Catalogues (《七录》), because of its nature of being the “secret record of the last books of the world”, to a certain extent, reflects the scale of the book collection of the entire Southern Dynasties before the second year of Datong (536) of Emperor Wu of Liang. From the perspective of private reading, the Seven Catalogues was a summary of Ruan Xiaoxu’s personal reading history and book search history, which contained the outline of his own knowledge. Furthermore, Ruan Xiaoxu was very knowledgeable about books, and his “reading field” involved almost every academic discipline at that time. Therefore, it is of greater significance to discuss the history of Ruan Xiaoxu’s private reading and the composition of the catalogue of Seven Catalogues. Ruan Xiaoxu’s personal reading history and the course of spiritual advancement is also the epitome of the changes of the entire Southern academic culture and spiritual world.
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诗赋
略方技略 术数
略兵书
略诸子略 六艺略二 辑略一 《七略》《汉志》 附佛经两卷 丁部四（诗赋为丁） 乙部二（有古诸子家近世子家兵书兵家术数） 丙部三（有史记旧事皇览部杂事） 甲部一（六艺及小学等书） 荀勖《晋中经簿》 佛 道 图画 文翰志 术艺
志阴阳志 军书志 诸子志 经典志 王俭《七志》 仙道 佛法 术技录 文集
录子兵
录记传录 经典录 阮孝绪《七录》 
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表 2
诸子 学说 佛教 儒家之教 仁义礼乐，仁爱义宜，礼顺乐和而已 慈悲为本，常乐为宗，施舍惟机，低举成敬 儒家之教，宪章祖述，引古证今，于学易悟 今树以前因，报以后果，业行交酬，连璅相袭 阴阳之教 占气步景，授民以时，知其利害 今则耳眼洞达，心智他通，身为奎井，岂俟甘石。 法家之教 出自刑理，禁奸止邪，明用赏罚 今则十恶所坠，五及无间，刀树剑出，焦汤猛火，造受自贻，罔或差贰 墨家之教 遵上俭薄，磨踵灭顶，且犹非吝 今则肤同断瓠，目如井星，授子捐妻，在鹰庇鸽。 从横之教 所贵权谋，天口连环，归乎适变 今则一音万解，无待户说，四辩三会，咸得吾师 杂家之教 兼有儒墨 今则五时所宣，于何不尽 农家之教 播植耕耘，善相五事，以艺九谷 今则郁单粳稻，已异阎浮，生天果报，自然饮食 道家之教 执一虚无，得性亡情，凝神勿扰 今则波若无照，万法皆空，岂有道之可名，宁余一之可得。
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表 3
儒 少时学周孔，弱冠穷六经。
孝义连方册，仁恕满丹青。
践言贵去伐，为善存好生。道 中复观道书，有名与无名。
妙术镂金版，真言隐上清。
密行贵阴德，显证表长龄。佛 晚年开释卷，犹日映众星。
苦集始觉知，因果乃方明。
示教惟平等，至理归无生。
分别根难一，执着性易惊。
穷源无二圣，测善非三英。
大椿径亿尺，小草裁云萌。
大云降大雨，随分各受荣。
心想起异解，报应有殊形。
差别岂作意，深浅固物情。
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