国家根本性议程与中国式治理民主
Fundamental Agenda of the State and Chinese Democracy of Government
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摘要: 中国式治理民主概念的提出，是对中国政治内部性演变的概括，是由中国的国家根本性问题与根本性议程所决定的。人类是在不断解决面临问题过程中发展的。国家的根本性问题是指国家进程中面临的最为重要的问题。为解决根本性问题而设置根本性议程，即为达到一定目标要完成的最为重要的任务。不同国家面临的根本问题及其根本性议程不同，民主形式会不一样。古希腊小国寡民城邦制产生民主制。对于广土众民的领土国家，公共权力的统一性成为国家持续发展的根本性问题，以君主制解决统一性成为国家根本性议程。在君主制下，为了长治久安，在治理过程中具有一定的民主因子，从而使得中国的君主制具有极大韧性。近代以来，国家的统一性受到极大挑战，民主制取代君主制。在新中国，中国共产党领导的社会主义现代化建设成为根本性议程。民主是根本性议程应有之义，传统治理民主因子提升为现代治理民主形式。它包括不可分割的两个方面：一是中国共产党领导治国理政的全过程都要体现人民意志；二是人民通过各种形式参与治国理政的全过程之中，依法行使人民民主权利。国家根本性议程决定了中国不会，也不能采用通过选举实现政党轮替的西方民主形式。Abstract: The concept of Chinese democracy of administration is a summarizing for the inner evolution of Chinese politics, and is decided by China’s fundamental issues and agenda of the state. Humans develop themselves in the process of solving the problems unceasingly. The fundamental issues of the state refers to those which are most important a state facing with in its progressing. The fundamental agenda refers to the most important task to achieving its target. The forms of democracy will be varied since the fundamental agenda varies from state to state. In ancient Greece, small state and small population gives birth to democratic system for city-states. As for the states with large land and population, a unity of public power becomes a fundamental issue for the state’s continuous development, thus monarchy becomes the fundamental agenda for the state to solve the issue of unity. In the system of monarchy, for permanent government and peace, there are democratic factors in the process of administration, resulting in the tenacity of China’s ancient monarchy system. Since the near modern times, the unity of the state has been facing with the greatest challenge, so the democratic system substitutes the monarchy. In new China, the socialist construction for modernization led by Chinese Communist Party becomes the fundamental agenda. Democracy is a must for the fundamental agenda, and the democratic factors in the traditional administration are promoted to a modern form of democracy of administration. It indivisibly includes two facades, i.e., firstly, the will of the people must be embodied in the whole process of state administration led by the Chinese Communist Party, and, secondly, the people’s democratic right is executed in laws by participating in the whole process of administration of the state with various forms. The fundamental agenda of the state has decided that China will not, and must not, adopt the western form of democracy in the way of political parties’ rotation through election.
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Key words:
- state /
- fundamental agenda /
- administration /
- democracy
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