“韩”号的建构与解构—汉魏朝鲜半岛上的权力竞争与族群聚散
The Power Competition and Ethnic Construction in Korean Peninsula between Han and Wei Dynasty
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摘要: “韩”作为朝鲜半岛南部族群的共称,是西汉真番郡撤置后遗民与辰国族群融合的产物。马韩通过控制“辰王”选立将脊梁山脉以东的群落纳入“韩人”范围。辰韩将始祖追溯为逃避秦役的流亡者,这一族源叙事源自半岛北部南下移民的历史记忆,是辰韩在两汉时与北方郡县对抗性关系的反映。移民的技术传入使辰韩成为倭、韩地区的冶铁与交易中心。2世纪时弁韩冶铁业的发展挤压了辰韩的铁流通网络,韩、倭政局因此而变。东汉末年带方郡的设置正是为了应对韩濊的挑战。曹魏分割辰韩八国转隶乐浪郡的方案瓦解了韩人臣智与下户间的权力关系,引发韩人叛乱与曹魏“灭韩”之战。此后,“韩”不再作为统一体出现,在百济、新罗的建国运动中,“韩”号不再是族群凝聚、政权建构最有效的政治资源。“韩”号的建构与解构均是以汉魏王朝在半岛上的郡县统治为背景的,乐浪、带方二郡体制崩溃之后,半岛的政权建构进入新的阶段。Abstract: “Han” (“韩”) as a title which indicate the Three Han ethnic groups, began in the period in which Zhenfan County was retreated in 1st century BC, and completed in 2nd century AD. The legend and the sacrifice about the Han King was a political narrative to construct the power. Meanwhile, the title of the Chen King which was controlled by the whole Ma Han means the domination on the Chen Han tribes. The name “Qin Han” of Chen Han reflected the reality that Han People migrate from the north peninsula. The title of “Qin” also indicated the authority of the Lelang County which was controlled by Yan and Qi people. The iron smelting industry in Chen Han was contributed by the immigrates from north peninsula. The development of Jinhai changed the situation both of Han and Wo in 3rd century. Han completed the ethnic construction and became stronger. Since then, DaiFang County was set to respond to the challenge of Han. Han as a unit was destroyed by Wei Dynasty, so the title of “Han” would never be a effective resource in the course of nation construction in 4th century’s south peninsula.
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Key words:
- Han and Wei Dynasties /
- Han /
- Qin /
- Lelang County /
- Daifang County
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