唐长安兴庆宫的政治空间建构与历史书写
The Political Space Construction and Historical Writing of the Xingqing Palace in Chang‘an City of Tang Daynasty
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摘要: 兴庆宫本为唐玄宗的龙潜旧宅，开元二年改建为宫。受地理形势、所处位置、功能定位、营建历程等因素影响，兴庆宫的空间布局形成了西门为正与南北分区的特点。唐玄宗营建兴庆宫的主要目的在于寻求帝王符命，位于南区的龙池由于凝聚了天子气、黄龙等受命符瑞，成为玄宗君臣重点利用的政治空间。为了宣扬兄弟友爱之情，并借之塑造自己的君主德行，唐玄宗在兴庆宫西南角建设了花萼相辉楼。开元中后期，随着诸王的离世，花萼相辉楼承担的政治功能逐渐减弱，但楼体所在的西南角却由于毗邻京城要闹街区的地理位置，成为皇权展示的重要空间。勤政务本楼在此背景下应运而生，并逐渐取代了花萼相辉楼的重要地位。开元天宝之际，龙池符命的重要性逐渐让位于玄元皇帝李耳降现真容，兴庆宫北区取代南区，成为兴庆宫的核心区域。由于兴庆宫无法独立承担宫城的全部功能，所以唐玄宗修建了往来于大明宫与兴庆宫之间的夹城。兴庆宫由此与大明宫、太极宫连为一体。安史之乱后，兴庆宫逐渐被称为“南内”，出现在唐人文献之中。由唐入宋，兴庆宫的宫城地位尚未受到质疑，但进入南宋以后，部分史家却认为兴庆宫并非正宫。南宋史家的观点颇可商榷，故未被后世继承。Abstract: The layout of Xingqing Palace had two special features: the front gate was westward and the palace was divided into northern and southern division.Tang Xuanzong‘s purpose was searching the omens foreshadowing his accession to the throne,so he paid more attention to the Dragon Pond in the southern division,which had omens such as Tianzi qi(“天子气”) and yellow dragon.In order to publicize the friendship between Tang Xuanzong and his brothers,and model his virtue,Tang Xuanzong built the Hua‘e xinanghui Building(“花萼相辉楼”) at the western-southern corner of Xingqing Palace.In the middle and late of Kaiyuan period,the political function of Hua‘e xinanghui building weakened ,and the important role it played was replaced by Qinzhengwuben Building(“勤政务本楼”).In the late of Kaiyuan and the early of Tianbao period,as the real image of Li Er was placed in the Datong Palace,the northern division became more important than the southern division.The Xingqing Palace can‘t played the role of palace by itself,so Tang Xuanzong built the Jiacheng(“夹城”) between the two palaces,which interlinked the Xingqing Palace,Taiji Palace and Daming Palace.In the opinion of Northern Song historians,the Xingqing Palace was a imperial palace of Chang‘an.In the opinion of some Southern Song historians,the Xingqing Palace was a temporary abode,which was open to discussion and not accepted by historians of later dynasties.
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Key words:
- Tang Xuanzong
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