中国共产党建党百年来的社会政策探索
The Exploration of Social Policy since the Founding of the Communist Party of China
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摘要: 自1921年成立至今中国共产党已经走过了一百年的辉煌历程。以人民为中心、为人民谋利益、与时俱进地解决中国人民的生存和发展（即民生）问题是中国共产党人的初心使命和矢志不渝的追求。社会政策作为国家解决民生问题的制度化举措自中国共产党成立以来一直受到关注和重视，但在中国革命、建设和改革等不同历史时期党对社会政策角色的运用会根据时代的特点、具体国情的变化、解决民生方针策略的需要做出调整和改变。建党百年来中国共产党解决民生问题按路径划分大致经历了三个阶段，在不同阶段党对社会政策角色的运用会发生相应的变化：党的成立至新中国成立前系党为解决民生问题创造政治前提阶段，社会政策被作为政治动员的重要手段（1921−1949）；新中国成立至1978年系党为解决民生问题创造经济前提（基础）阶段，社会政策依附经济体制，服务于经济发展（1949−1978）；改革开放以来系党在中国特色社会主义市场经济条件下为解决效率与公平的矛盾不断加大保障和改善民生的力度、民生事业不断取得新的进步阶段，社会政策相对独立发展，其地位和作用不断强化（1978年至今）。建党百年来党对社会政策的探索提供了丰富的经验和启示，对其加以科学总结具有重要的理论和现实意义。Abstract: Since it was founded in 1921 the Communist Party of China passed one hundred years of glorious history. Taking the people as the center and serving the interests for the people and keeping pace with the Times to solve the survival and development of the Chinese people’s is mission and unswervingly pursue of the Communist Party of China. Social policy as a national institutionalized and specialized measures to solve the problem of the people’s livelihood since the birth of the Communist Party of China it has been concern and attention, but in different historical periods of the Chinese revolution, construction and reform under leading of the CPC, social policy role will adjust and change according to the characteristics of the Times, the change of the national specific conditions and the needs of solving the people’s livelihood’s strategy. According to the path of solving people’s livelihood issues it has roughly experienced three stages Since founding of the Chinese Communist Party: before the founding of the People’s Republic of China to create a political prerequisite for solving people’s livelihood issues, social policy as an important means of political mobilization (1921-1949); From the founding of the People’s Republic of China to 1978, the social policy was attached to the development of the economic system to create the economic prerequisite for solving people’s livelihood problems; Since the reform and opening up, under the conditions of the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics, the Party has continuously strengthened its efforts to protect and improve people’s livelihood, and the cause of people’s livelihood has continuously made new progress, social policies have developed relatively independently, and their status and role have been continuously strengthened (from 1979 to now). The exploration of social policy in the past one hundred years since the founding of the CPC has provided a wealth of theoretical inspiration, and it has important theoretical and practical significance to summarize it scientifically.
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