宋元海洋知识中的“海”与“洋”

黄纯艳

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March 2020

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Citation: Chunyan HUANG. “Hai” and “Yang” in Marine Knowledge of Song and Yuan Dynasties[J]. Academic Monthly, 2020, 52(3): 155-166, 184. shu

“Hai” and “Yang” in Marine Knowledge of Song and Yuan Dynasties

Chunyan HUANG

Abstract

With the unprecedented development of navigation practice, the knowledge framework that “Tianxia”(“天下”, world) consists of “Jiuzhou”(“九州”, land) - “Sihai”(“四海”, four oceans) was gradually broken and forgotten by navigation practice in Song and Yuan Dynasties. The marine geospatial cognition changed from abstract “Hai”(“海”) to concrete “Yang”(“洋”). “Hai” was divided and named different “Yang” in various ways. Division and naming of these “Yang” were still regional knowledge. However, knowledge of “Yang” generated in navigation practice, which laid a logical foundation for different dynasties and countries to form common marine knowledge and concept. In the process of China accepting and integrating into common marine knowledge and concept of the world, the unprecedented development of ocean practice in the Song and Yuan Dynasties opened a turning stage.
- Song and Yuan Dynasties,
- “Hai” “Yang”,
- marine knowledge,
- transition
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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

“Hai” and “Yang” in Marine Knowledge of Song and Yuan Dynasties

Chunyan HUANG

Available Online: 2020-03-01

Abstract: With the unprecedented development of navigation practice, the knowledge framework that “Tianxia”(“天下”, world) consists of “Jiuzhou”(“九州”, land) - “Sihai”(“四海”, four oceans) was gradually broken and forgotten by navigation practice in Song and Yuan Dynasties. The marine geospatial cognition changed from abstract “Hai”(“海”) to concrete “Yang”(“洋”). “Hai” was divided and named different “Yang” in various ways. Division and naming of these “Yang” were still regional knowledge. However, knowledge of “Yang” generated in navigation practice, which laid a logical foundation for different dynasties and countries to form common marine knowledge and concept. In the process of China accepting and integrating into common marine knowledge and concept of the world, the unprecedented development of ocean practice in the Song and Yuan Dynasties opened a turning stage.

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